Effect of Bletillae Rhizoma Polysaccharide on PI3K/Akt in Gastric Tissue of GU Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effect of Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide on the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) gene protein and its mediated cytokines interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in gastric tissue of rats with gastric ulcer (GU). Method::Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group.The GU model was replicated by direct acetic acid cauterization in model group.The GU model rats were randomly divided into five groups: model group, positive control group, and large, medium and small-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide groups, with 10 rats in each group.Rats in blank group and GU model group were given 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 distilled water by gavage, rats in large, medium and small-dose groups were given 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 g·kg-1·d-1 Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide by gavage, while rats in positive control group were given 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1 ranitidine by gavage for 15 days.Serum nitric oxide (NO) content, pepsinase activity and cytokines IL-2R and IL-4 levels in rats of each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PI3K and Akt mRNA expressions were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and PI3K and Akt protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Result::Compared with the blank group, the contents and gene expressions of cytokines IL-2R and IL-4 in gastric tissue were significantly increased, and the PI3K and Akt genes and protein expressions were significantly increased, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Compared with GU model group, the content and gene expressions of IL-2R and IL-4 in large, medium and small-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide groups were decreased significantly, and the PI3K and Akt gene and protein expressions were decreased significantly in large-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide group, while those in large and medium-dose Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide groups were decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Bletillae Rhizoma polysaccharide can protect gastric mucosa by down-regulating PI3K and Akt gene and protein expressions and inhibiting abnormal secretion of cytokines IL-2R and IL-4.

Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Chinese children with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

In order to clearly define the features of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) in Chinese children, this article analyzes and summarizes the epidemiology, clinical features, and key points in the diagnosis and treatment of SDS in Chinese children with review of the clinical data of 27 children with SDS from related articles published previously. A comparative analysis was made between the Chinese and international data related to childhood SDS. The results showed a male/female ratio of about 2:1 in the Chinese children with SDS, with an age of onset of <1 month to 5 years (median 1 month) and an age of 3 months to 12 years (median 12 months) at the time of confirmed diagnosis. Reductions in peripheral blood cells due to myelopoiesis inhibition were observed in all 27 children with SDS, among whom 93% had neutropenia. Chronic diarrhea (85%), liver damage (78%), and short stature (83%) were the three main clinical features of SDS. Supplementation of pancreatin and component blood transfusion may temporarily alleviate the disease, while allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still an effective radical treatment. The comparative analysis of the Chinese and oversea data showed that compared with those in the European and American countries, the children with SDS in China had significantly higher incidence rates of chronic diarrhea, reductions in peripheral blood cells (three lineages), and liver damage, and there were also differences in the type of mutant genes.

Effect of Yuyin Ruangan Granule on TGF-β1 expression in hepatic fibrosis rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the preventive and therapeutic action of Yuyin Ruangan Granule (YRG, Traditional Chinese Medicine) in hepatic fibrosis rats model and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression.@*METHODS@#The Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 group (=10), and the model of hepatic fibrosis rats was established by subcutaneous injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), fed on high-fat diet and 20% ethanol for 6 weeks, to survey the effect and mechanism of YRG preventing hypatic fibrosis by detecting liver function (the activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), etc.) of liver fibrosis rats, liver fibrosis indicators (hyaluronic acid, Ⅲ procollagen, type IV collagen, laminin and hepatic pathology, etc.), and TGF-β1 expression in liver tissue after 6 weeks treated with YRG through intragastric administration (q. d.).@*RESULTS@#At the 7 week, fibrotic lesions appears distinctly in liver tissue of model group compared with control group (<0.01), YRG of 6.2~28.8 g/kg could significantly decrease hepatic index, ALT and AST activities, content of hyaluronic acid(HA), Ⅲ procollagen (PCⅢ), type Ⅳ collagen(C-Ⅳ), laminin (LN) in serum, relieve liver fibrosis pathological changes and inhibit TGF-β1 expression in fibrotic liver tissue (<0.05, <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#YRG has significantly preventive effects on liver fibrosis rats model, and it may be one of its mechanisms to inhibit expression of TGF-β1.

Association between iron deficiency and brain developmental disorder in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common trace element deficiency in childhood. Recent studies have shown that late fetus period, neonatal period, and infancy are important periods for brain development, and ID during these periods may cause irreversible damage to brain development, including abnormal emotion and behavior, cognitive decline, and attention deficit, which may still be present in adulthood. Therefore, it should be taken seriously. This article summarizes the research advances in major mechanisms involved in brain developmental disorder due to ID in the early stage of life and related intervention measures.

Effects of combined administration of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and hydrocortisone on the therapeutic action in the murine asthma model / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RASI) and hydrocortisone combination on the murine asthma model and the mechanism.@*METHODS@#BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, blood stasis model group, asthma model group, HSS group, RASI group and RASI+HSS group (=12). Ovalbumin (OVA) was used to replicate mice asthma model and hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HSS) to copy blood stasis model. Effects of RASI, HSS and their combination on hemorheology, anti-asthma (asthmatic behaviors, lung function, lung index and water content in lung tissue) were observed. and anti-asthma mechanisms The expression of relative cytokines, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively.@*RESULTS@#Eight g/kg RASI, 0.05 g/kg HSS and their combination could significantly relieve asthma behavioral indicators, improve lung function, reduce lung index and water content in lung tissue, decrease the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inhibit the high expression of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB in lung tissue. The improvement of lung function and the decrease in level of relative cytokines (TNF-α、IL-1βIL-6) were better in RASI+HSS group than those in RASI group and HSS group, and the inhibition of protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB was also too. Combined administration of RASI and hydrocortisone could decrease serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) content and blood viscosity, which were increased induced by hydrocortisone.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Combined administration of RASI and hydrocortisone have obvious anti-asthma effects and one of the mechanisms is to inhibit protein synthetization of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB.The combined administration of RASI and hydrocortisone has stronger improvement of lung function than that of RASI and hydrocortisone alone, and it may be related to the inhibition of TLR4 and NF-κB synthetization. The combined administration of RASI can alleviate abnormal changes of hemorheology induced by hydrocortisone in treatment of asthma.

Neurocognitive function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and long-term disease-free survival and related influencing factors / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the neurocognitive function of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and long-term disease-free survival and related influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 ALL children with long-term disease-free survival were enrolled as study group, and 40 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC), continuous performance test (CPT), and Stroop test software were used for the evaluation of all children. Neurocognitive function was compared between groups and influencing factors were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly lower full intelligence quotient, verbal intelligence quotient, and performance intelligence quotient in C-WICS (P<0.05) and significantly higher numbers of mistakes and misses in CPT (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the numbers of correct answers, mistakes, and misses of word-color consistency between the study group and the control group (P>0.05), while the study group had significantly higher numbers of mistakes and misses of word-color contradiction and irrelevance (P<0.05). The total dose of high-dose methotrexate and ALL risk classification were associated with the reduction in intelligence quotient, and children's younger age at diagnosis of ALL was associated with the higher numbers of misses and mistakes. Girls tended to have a significantly lower performance intelligence quotient than boys (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ALL children with long-term disease-free survival have neurocognitive impairment, which may be associated with the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs, age at diagnosis, and sex.</p>

Effect of structural family therapy on family structure and function in children with hematological tumors / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of structural family therapy (SFT), which refers to the application of the theory and technology of SFT for improving the internal family environment of pediatric patients through reorganization of the family roles, tasks, and boundaries, on the family structure and function in children with hematological tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty children with hematological tumors were randomly divided into SFT and control groups (n=20 each). The control group received conventional chemotherapy. The SFT group received SFT by a trained therapist in addition to conventional chemotherapy; the family of each patient received SFT four times (once every two weeks). Both groups were assessed by the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) on admission and one month after the end of SFT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the SFT group showed significant decreases in all factor scores of FAD (P<0.05); the SFT group had significantly lower scores of problem solving, communication, roles, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning than the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the SFT group had significantly increased FES-CV scores of cohesion, emotional expression, intellectual-cultural orientation, and active-recreational orientation and a significantly decreased score of conflict after treatment (P<0.05), and the SFT group was significantly superior to the control group in terms of these items (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SFT could promote beneficial family changes in children with hematological tumors by improving the family function and internal environment, which would increase the long-term chemotherapy compliance of these children and their parents.</p>

Clinical features and comorbidities of Asperger syndrome in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and summarize the clinical features and comorbidities of Asperger syndrome (AS) in children and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the understanding and diagnosis of AS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Inquiry of medical history, physical examination, behavioral observation, psychiatric examination, questionnaire survey, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used to summarize and analyse the clinical data of 95 children with AS, including chief complaint, symptoms, perinatal and familial conditions, family genetic history, and common comorbidities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AS was more common in male children, with hyperactivity, inattention, and social withdrawal as frequent chief complaints. The main clinical manifestations included poor communication skills (95%), restricted interest (82%), repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior (77%), semantic comprehension deficit (74%), and indiscipline (68%). Verbal IQ was higher than performance IQ in most patients. The comorbidities of AS included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (39%), emotional disorder (18%), and schizophrenia (2%); emotional disorder was more common in patients aged 13-16 years, while ADHD was more common in patients aged 7-16 years. Among these patients, 61% had fathers with introverted personality, 43% had mothers with introverted personality, and 19% had a family history of mental illness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AS has specific clinical manifestations. It is essential to know more about the clinical features and comorbidities of AS, which is helpful for early identification and diagnosis of AS.</p>

Research on long-year-program medical students' pediatric clinical skill training methods / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To study the clinical skills training methods and formulate a training objective for pediatric long-year-program students, to let the students, through three years of training program, reach the clinical ability as a chief resident, with better laboratory research skills, teaching awareness and responsibility, and also with good comprehensive quality and excellent English, and finally become clinical talents with great potential and innovation, this report summarized our study results of training two terms of long-year-program pediatric graduates, who fully meeted the training objectives in the department's practice.

Treatment of childhood aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin, management of side effects and long-term follow-up / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) based immunosuppression therapy for childhood aplastic anemia, to reduce the adverse effects and to observe the long-term outcome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty-five children with aplastic anemia (AA) were enrolled in this study. Six of the cases had very severe AA (VSAA), 11 had severe AA (SAA)-I, 8 had SAA-II and 10 had moderate AA (MAA). All these patients were treated with ATG plus Cyclosporin A (CSA). The following measures were taken during the ATG therapy: infection of the patients had been controlled before ATG treatment. Comprehensive anti-allergic measures were implemented. Close attention was paid to the hemorrhage related with platelet reduction caused by ATG and severe infection of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Shortly after the ATG usage, all the patients had a significant decrease of absolute peripheral lymphoblast count by more than 60 percent. With a mean follow-up time of 28 months, the total effective rate was 77.14% (27/35), significant response rate was 57.14%(20/35). There was no significant difference among VSAA, SAA and MAA groups in the response rate. Adverse reactions included the following: (1) 48.6% (17/35) patients presented mild anaphylactoid reaction during the first day of ATG treatment; (2) 42.9%(15/35) cases presented serum sickness 5 - 11 days after the last dose of ATG with a mean duration of 3.6 days, all the patients were cured effectively with methylprednisolone; (3) 25.7% (9/35) patient's peripheral blood platelet count was reduced, might be caused by ATG, to below 10 × 10(9)/L, but no patient had severe hemorrhagic complication after platelet transfusion was performed; (4) 22.9%(8/35)of patients got infection within a month after ATG therapy, including 3 cases with clinical septicemia, all the 3 cases recovered after antibiotics treatment. There was no ATG treatment-related death in this series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ATG is a very effective therapy for children with SAA and MAA. Comprehensive measures are needed to prevent and handle the side effects to avoid treatment-related death. Long-term supportive therapy and proper follow up contribute to the favourable outcomes of the patients.</p>

Investigation on the selenium and T-2 toxin level in Kaschin-Beck disease relative active regions in Aba state of Sichuan province in 2008 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the children's body environmental Se and T-2 toxin level in their staple food in Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD)relative active regions in Aba state of Sichuan province in 2008.Methods We took X-ray photograph of the right hand on children aged 7-13 years in 48 villages from 11 counties in Aba state.The relative active regions of KBD were chosen according to the X-ray result and historical status of KBD.The children's urine and hair,drinking water and their staple food werr sampled.Selenium contents in urine,hair,water and food samples were determined by naphthalene fluorescence,and T-2 toxin in staple food samples were detected by ELISA kits.Results In 2145 X-ray films,66 films were positive,and the children's KBD positive rate was 3.08%(66/2145).The KBD positive rate was respectively 10.98%(29/264)and 8.52%(19/223)in Maerkang county,Jinchuan county and it was 0.75%(3/400)in Rangtang county,historically serious endemic area.The selenium content in urine of children aged 7-13 years in Maerkang county,Jinchuan county and Rangtang county was (10.41±4.67), (10.11±3.65), (8.42±2.68)μg/g Cr, respectively, there was no statistical difference among three counties(F=0.901, P>0.05). The selenium content in hair of children aged 7-13 years in Maerkang county[(0.18±0.04)mg/kg] was lower than that in Jinchuan county[(0.21±0.04)mg/kg, P<0.05].The selenium content in water in Jinchuan county [(0.225±0.124 )μg/L ] was lower than that in Maerkang county and Rangtang county[(0.320±0.092), (0.339±0.105)μg/L, all P<0.05]. The selenium content in staple food in Jinchuan county(0.0033 mg/kg) was lower than that in Maerkang county and Rangtang county(0.0258,0.0137mg/kg, Z=-6.146,-3.042, all P<0.017). The T-2 toxin level in flour in three counties was 19.60,17.95,26.25 ng/g,respectively,there was no statistical difference among three counties(X2=5.623, P>0.05).The T-2 toxin level in grain Maerkang county (10.72 ng/g) was higher than that in Jinchuan county and Rangtang county (3.74,3.30 ng/g, Z=-6.315,-4.407,all P<0.017). T-2 toxin contamination in flour was more severe than that in grain (Z=-6.690,-5.493,-3.676, all P<0.05). Conclusions In 3 relative active KBD regions of Aba state,the children's selenium nutritional status and the T-2 toxin contamination level in their staple food is consistent with the distribution of KBD.

Biosynthesis and assay of crude T-2 toxin / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To isolate Fusarium species from Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)area and biosynthesize cnlde T-2 toxin.Methods T-2 toxin.producing Fusarium was isolated from corns produced in KBD area and purifted.The purifted funsi were identified according to the traits of colony,appearance of thallus and characters of conidium and then weIe cultivated in sterile Corn culture media.After extraction with organic solvent and purification by silica gel chromatography column,the quality and quantity of the toxin in the extracts were estimated by thin,Layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.Results The toxin-producing strain was Fusarium tricinctum. The com cuIture media inoculated with this strain produced about 250 mg of crude T-2 toxin per kg. Conclusions This experiment has indirectly further confirmed pollution of T-2 toxin-producing Fmarium existed in

Determination of unsaturated disaccharides produced from chondroitin sulfate in urine using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric post column derivatization / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the effectiveness of the unsaturated disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate(CS)in urine using post column derivation fluorometric method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Methods Urine samples were prepared with the centrifugal flirtation and the routine precipitation methods separately,then digest the sample with CS lyses,use the post column derivation method of HPLC to fluorometric determine the unsaturated disaecharides(△Di-0S,△Di-4S and △Di-6S),compare the recovery differences of the CS standard in the urine pretreated by the two methods.Results The HPLC system ran well,the lowest detection limit of the method was 10 ng.When the urine was pretreated by the centrifugal flirtation method,the recovery of △Di-0S,△Di-4S and △Di-6S produced from the CS standard were 86.93%,87.28%and 85.03%,respectively,while the recovery of the three disaccharides in routine precipitation method were 75.09%,72.96%and 77.70%merely.Conclusions The HPLC post column derivatization fluorometric method is comparatively sensitive,it can be used to determine unsaturated disaccharides decomposed by CS.In the pretreatment procedure of the urine,the centrifugal flirtation method was superior to the routine precipitation method,it can be used as microdetermination for the unsaturated disaccharides.

Influence of H2O2 on degradation of residual pesticides and constituents in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristic and influential factors of the degradation of residual pesticides and alkaloids in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis by H2O2.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The spiked samples were treated in H2O2 in different reaction time, concentration and pH value. The pesticide residuals were determined by GC-MS, and the contents of alkaloids were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>H2O2 had highly activity in degrading organophosphorus and pyrethroid, but had less activity to organochlorines. The degradation processes of organophosphorus and pyrethroid followed first-order kinetics equations, and were influenced by the pH value, the concentration of H2O2 and reaction time. The contents of alkaloids in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis changed not obviously after treatment with 3 mL x L(-1) H2O2 less than 6 hours under neutral condition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>H2O2 is a useful reagent for the degradation of organophosphorus and pyrethroid in crude drug.</p>

The Progress of Food and Medical on Values of Puff-balls / 微生物学通报

Puff-balls is a very distinctive macro-fungi in biodiversity.It is used to be a styptic,repellent and alexipharmic in China.This paper simply summarizes the puffball′s taxonomy in the fungi and its distribution in the world; and emphasizes on its composition,food uses,medical uses,herbalism studies and progress of researches on clinical applications.And it points out the patent prospect and current problems of the puff-balls.

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and Its Application in Fungi / 微生物学通报

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)is a new type technique of gel electrophoresis which can be used to separate large DNA molecules.It has been widely applied to the karyotype analysis,identification of species groups,genetic orientation and genetic analysis for fungi.This article describes the principle,development and general manipulative procedure of PFGE,and elaborates the application in the molecular research of fungi.